Insecticide Usage on Conventional and Organic Lettuce in the Desert, 2005-2024

Abstract

This report summarizes trends in insecticide use on desert-grown conventional and organic lettuce from 2005–2024, with detailed data from the 2023–24 season. Based on PCA survey responses across Arizona and California, pyrethroids remain the most widely used chemistry due to cost and broad-spectrum efficacy, especially for Lepidoptera and thrips. Use of reduced-risk insecticides like diamides, spinosyns, and neonicotinoids has grown steadily, reflecting increased adoption of selective IPM strategies. Organic systems continue to rely heavily on Entrust and Bt, though a broader range of biopesticides is now used. This document highlights the shift toward sustainable pest control practices in desert lettuce production.