RSS 1.0Journal of Range Management, Volume 21 (1968)
ABOUT THE COLLECTIONS
Welcome to the Rangeland Ecology & Management archives. The journal Rangeland Ecology & Management (RE&M; v58, 2005-present) is the successor to the Journal of Range Management (JRM; v. 1-57, 1948-2004.) The archives provide public access, in a "rolling window" agreement with the Society for Range Management, to both titles (JRM and RE&M), from v.1 up to five years from the present year.
The most recent years of RE&M are available through membership in the Society for Range Management (SRM). Membership in SRM is a means to access current information and dialogue on rangeland management.
Your institution may also have access to current issues through library or institutional subscriptions.
Print ISSN: 0022-409x
Online ISSN: 1550-7424
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Journal of Range Management, Volume 21, Number 5 (September 1968)Society for Range Management, 1968-09-01
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Journal of Range Management, Volume 21, Number 6 (November 1968)Society for Range Management, 1968-11-01
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Journal of Range Management, Volume 21, Number 2 (March 1968)Society for Range Management, 1968-03-01
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Journal of Range Management, Volume 21, Number 1 (January 1968)Society for Range Management, 1968-01-01
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Journal of Range Management, Volume 21, Number 3 (May 1968)Society for Range Management, 1968-05-01
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Journal of Range Management, Volume 21, Number 4 (July 1968)Society for Range Management, 1968-07-01
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Tolerance of Subclover, Rose clover, Hardinggrass, and Orchardgrass to 2,4-DSpecies commonly used to seed California rangelands were sprayed with varying rates of the alkanolamine salt of 2,4-D at a number of vegetative growth stages in two different years. Subclover, hardinggrass, and orchardgrass were not permanently damaged by rates up to 2.0 lb/acre at any of the growth stages tested. Rose clover was tolerant of up to 0.5 lb/acre if sprayed at the proper growth stage but yields were frequently reduced by even low rates at other growth stages.
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Time of Fertilizer Application on Desert GrasslandsIn most fertilization studies on desert grasslands, little attention has been paid to soil moisture conditions at the time of application. Results have been highly variable and fertilization has not been accepted as an economical management practice. These studies were designed to determine if the time of application could be adjusted to soil moisture conditions in order to insure maximum response to fertilization. In general, fertilization of desert grasslands after the start of the summer rainy season gave best results in three of four sites studied. Applying fertilizer after soil moisture is present helps prevent fertilizer losses during a dry season. Maximum response to the fertilizer is assured because application is just prior to the time of the greatest demand for nutrients.
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Tillering at the Reproductive Stage in HardinggrassDepression of tillering near the onset of flowering is characteristic of several perennial grasses. This was studied in hardinggrass by producing for comparison at one time both vegetative and reproductive plants through manipulation of daylength and temperature. Reduced tillering at the heading stage is associated with some aspect of the reproductive condition, as well as with the increasing dryness and temperature which may exist at this stage of growth in the field. Grazing to remove elongating flowering culms will stimulate tillering if conditions favorable for growth prevail.
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The Use of Woodchips and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Seeding Scab RidgesA depleted scab ridge in northeastern Oregon was treated with woodchips and nitrogen, and seeded with a mixture of hard fescue, timothy, and pubescent wheatgrass. On the deeper soils, plots receiving 1 inch woodchips disked in plus 300 lb N averaged 2,457 lb air-dry herbage/acre over a 7-year period. Control plots average 1,973 lb/acre and those receiving woodchips, but no N 1,434 lb/acre. On the shallow soils similar treatments yielded 1,193, 688, and 528 lb/acre, respectively. At 1 inch chips and 300 lb N/acre, whether the chips were disked into the soil was relatively unimportant. At 0.5 inch chips and 150 lb N/acre disking lowered yields from 1,288 lb/acre (not disked in) to 673. With time, pubescent wheatgrass increased on the deeper soils and remained constant on the shallower. Hard fescue increased and timothy decreased markedly on both soils.
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The Effects of Fire on Seed GerminationFire is characteristically used in the pineywoods of the Southeast to produce repetitive abundant stands of native legumes. However, results are frequently erratic and unpredictable. Seed germination results following simulated fire conditions are presented. Results show dry heat ineffective in increasing germination, whereas moist heat greatly increased both germination rate and total germination of some species of seed.
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The Cimarron National Grassland: a Study in Land Use AdjustmentThe national grassland program has produced a number of beneficial changes in both the land and the economy of southwestern Kansas. Through the federal purchase and conversion of marginal farmland to grassland and integrating the management of these lands with associated private lands, soil erosion and water runoff have been reduced and a more dependable supply of summer forage has been provided the area's livestock industry. Multiple use management of the government lands has also produced a habitat for wildlife, ponds for waterfowl and fish, and recreational opportunities. The grassland program in southwestern Kansas seems to be accomplishing its objective of proper land use consistent with the conservation of the area's natural resources.
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Summer Precipitation and Steer Gain Interactions on Supplemented Shortgrass RangeSupplementing late-summer native shortgrass range with 1.5 lb of cottonseed meal or 1.5 lb of sorghum grain resulted in similar 10-year average gains with yearling steers. During seven of ten years the steers receiving sorghum grain gained as much or more than cottonseed meal-fed steers. In the other three years animals fed cottonseed meal gained more during the supplementation period. This work indicates the occurrence of significant interactions in supplementation studies on native range in areas with variable climatic conditions. Specifically, the experiments suggest that if rainfall has been high and lush grass growth is present during late summer, animal response to a high protein supplement is greater than to an energy supplement. On the other hand, supplementing with grain appears as beneficial and less expensive than cottonseed meal in dry years.
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Sulfur Needs of Spanish Clover and the Relation of Sulfur to Other Nutrients as Diagnosed by Plant AnalysisSulfur needs of Spanish clover, Lotus purshianus (Benth.) Clements and Clements, were determined by plant analysis in a nutrient solution study. Top growth was affected more than root growth by changes in S supply. Protein synthesis in the shoots was affected little by S deficiency. Sulfate-S was better than organic-S or total-S to diagnose the S status of the plant adequately. The critical sulfate-S concentration for growth of the plant is about 100 ppm, dry basis, in the middle stem section of the shoots.
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Stabilizing Small Seed Dilution MixturesTwelve diluent treatments were compared for their effectiveness in preventing separation of small seed from dilution mixtures. Rice hulls in combination with methyl cellulose sticker was the best of the diluents tested. Simple, practical procedures for field use of this modified rice hull dilution method were developed.
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Spraying and Seeding High Elevation Tarweed RangelandsTwenty methods of seeding high-elevation tarweed infested ranges were tested over a 10-year period on a harsh site in southeastern Idaho. The most practical method was spraying in the spring with 1.5 to 2 lb/acre of 2,4-D, drilling in the fall without further seedbed preparation, and respraying with 1 lb/acre of 2,4-D the next spring. This method also gave excellent results when tested on eight large-scale seedings.
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Soil Moisture Response to Spraying Big Sagebrush with 2 4-DSpraying big sagebrush with 2,4-D reduced the rate of soil moisture withdrawal. About 75% of the difference in total moisture depletion occurred within the 3- to 6-ft soil depth; an opposite effect in the second foot indicated that the increase in grass herbage production is most strongly reflected in that zone. Total evapotranspiration losses from the 0- to 6-ft soil profile were reduced about 14% over the 4-month growing period the second year after spraying.
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Soil Moisture and Temperature Changes Following Sagebrush ControlSoil moisture and temperature were measured for a five-year period on a mesic foothill grassland and on an arid cold desert shrub-type in western Wyoming. Herbage production increased on both the arid and mesic sites following the sagebrush and grazing control treatment with the greatest increase occurring on the mesic site. Average annual soil temperature was greatest at the arid site and was warmest in the shrub-dominated areas at both sites. Soil moisture recharge during the spring period was greatest at the mesic site under the non-use treatment but at the arid site grazing treatment did not significantly influence moisture accumulation. Under the shrub control treatment, soil moisture recharge was little influenced at the mesic site and at the arid site greatest soil moisture recharge occurred in the non-controlled shrub area. Soil moisture withdrawal was similar at both the arid and mesic sites in that the least amounts of moisture were taken from the soil under the grazed and non-controlled shrub treatments. Soil moisture accumulation during the spring period was greatest at the mesic site from 24 to 60 inches below the soil surface and the greatest values occurred in the shrub controlled grassland area. At the arid site high moisture levels occurred only down to the 12-inch depth.
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Soil Information for Range Resource EvaluationSoil is a major physical component of the ecosystem. To ignore soil or treat it superficially merely restricts knowledge of the resource. The amount of soil detail needed depends upon the character of the landscape, the complexity of the resource, the uses to be made of the survey data, and the amount of money available to do the job. Too much soil detail should be avoided and too little detail may make the survey worthless for evaluating the range resource. There is flexibility in how soil mapping units can be designed to meet the needs.
