RSS 1.0Conference Proceedings
ABOUT THE COLLECTIONS
Conference proceedings from conferences, symposia, and events held at or sponsored by The University of Arizona are available in this collection. This collection also contains conference proceedings from organizations affiliated with The University of Arizona who have partnered with the University Libraries to make the proceedings openly available online.
The repository hosts proceedings from the Critical Librarianship and Pedagogy Symposium, the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science and the International Telemetering Conference, among others.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings, Volume 59 (2024)International Foundation for Telemetering, 2024-10
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Constraints Based Airplane and Data Acquisition System ConfigurationFlight Test and Lab Test Data Systems require unique Measurement and Instrumentation configurations before data acquisition. Configuring each acquisition unit individually demands substantial manual effort. Automating this process through software escalates costs due to extensive support needed for diverse hardware and network architectures. To enhance this scenario, a framework has been developed. It uses SHACL constraints as input to dynamically generate forms, APIs, and database schemas in real-time. Leveraging RDF/SHACL—a W3C standard renowned for integrating data based on relationships—the framework dynamically setups for Data Acquisition systems and Aircraft configuration. RDF/SHACL serves as the backbone, facilitating flexibility in configuring various hardware and network architectures while notably reducing manual intervention. Instead of costly software solutions accommodating every hardware or network structure, this approach offers on-the-fly customization without exhaustive software support. By harnessing Semantic web (RDF/SHACL's) standardized data integration capabilities, this framework optimizes configuration for Flight Test and Lab Test Data Systems. It streamlines the process, minimizing manual effort and mitigating the need for extensive software development, ensuring agile and cost-effective setup customization for different acquisition units.
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Chapter 7 Packet Telemetry: A RetrospectiveThe Inter-Range Instrumentation Group’s (IRIG) 106 Chapter 7 standard provides a method for embedding variable length, well-defined data formats within a Chapter 4 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) stream. Chapter 7’s approach to embedding data streams within a PCM format offers several strengths and weaknesses. This paper will explore the pluses and minuses of the Chapter 7 standard and propose some alternative approaches that have been used successfully.
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Informing the Simulation: Bridging the Gap Between Model and Reality in Extended Range ArtilleryFor the first time ever the collection of base pressure data, on a projectile with a metal rotating band, has been achieved throughout the interior and intermediate ballistic cycles of a next-generation extended range howitzer. This novel approach utilizes a gyroscopically stabilized Instrumented Ballistic Test Projectile (IBTP) equipped with an On-Board Recorder (OBR). The results offer key insights into the base pressure to breech pressure ratio within next-gen systems. Real-world data is compared to Interior Ballistics of High Velocity Guns (IBHVG2) simulations to identify discrepancies used for improving model accuracy. The collected data, combined with propellant charge dynamics, allows for higher-fidelity structural analyses, conducted with Finite Element Analyses (FEA), and provides a deeper understanding of internal ballistics, paving the way for improved next-generation applications.
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Next Generation Data DownloadOver 20 years ago, a sea-change in the world of test instrumentation occurred. This was the standardization of recorders under the RCC, and which produced two major benefits: first, the packet formats were standardized across multiple vendors, and second, the mechanism by which data could be extracted from the recorders was standardized so that the custom post-mission infrastructure was eliminated. As time has passed, though, the capabilities of the download mechanisms have been overtaken by requirements and technology. An interface that was once both fast and elegant has become too slow and cumbersome, and functionality has not been added to meet current needs. This paper explores the landscape for download interfaces, with references to technology like STANAG 4575 and RCC IRIG 106 Chapter 10, and considering data-at-rest encryption, cybersecurity and distributed systems.
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Ciphering of Telemetry over IP – Performances on UDPWith the evolution of TM data to Packet Streaming and the need to secure its confidentiality, UDP-based ciphering seems to be a good solution. But most of the UDP protocols that cipher packets are not unidirectional and assume that two UDP connections exist to perform a mutual secret sharing or to authenticate each party. Hensoldt brings to the market a ciphering solution based on a single unidirectional link over UDP, where it is not possible to construct a mutual secret sharing as it is usual for IKEv2 protocol. Similarly, to the PGP protocol, the frames contain the necessary material to be authenticated and deciphered. The traffic flow is simply intercepted, ciphered and forwarded toward the desired interface. To obtain an efficient solution, we must consider different modes of operation for symmetric ciphers, and CBC, OFB, GCM are modes often used. Each one has some advantages and disadvantages. We propose to study the performances of these modes in terms of speed and resilience in a noisy channel.
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Improving Rotorcraft Flight Tests Safety and Efficiency with Real-Time Wind MappingHelicopter testing plays a critical role in ensuring their operational readiness, safety, and performance optimization. At Airbus Helicopters Flight Test Center in Donauwörth, procedures are conducted to validate helicopter performance and systems, involving maneuvers such as power reduction, recovery, and low altitude landing procedures. Traditionally, weather data for these tests was obtained from ground and tower measurements. However, this approach falls short in providing precise wind data within the helicopter’s vicinity. This paper presents efforts aimed at enhancing safety, efficiency, and performance evaluation by providing real time wind data at various altitudes proximate to helicopters during testing operations. To achieve this, the study explores different approaches, with particular focus on a commercially available ground wind LIDAR system. The system demonstrated promising results in providing wind speed data comparable to traditional cup anemometers, although limitations in wind measurement were noted. The findings underscore the potential of wind LIDAR to enhance the understanding of test conditions, mitigate risks associated with maneuvers, and facilitate post-test analysis for rotorcraft testing. Nevertheless, optimization of the LIDAR is necessary to improve reliability and further integration tests are needed to validate the system’s compatibility for real time use with current Flight Test Instrumentation.
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Hardware-Software Co-Design of Integrative Telemetry System for Off-Road Racing VehicleThe University of Arizona Baja Wildcat Racing Team’s integrative off-road telemetry system merged modular firmware, custom digitization circuits, and a Python-based GUI with GPU acceleration. The system leveraged I2C, SPI, and UART wired protocols for efficient communications, while also incorporating LoRa for seamless wireless transmission. The system's sensor suite included IMUs, GPS, Hall-Effect sensors, and pressure transducers. It collected comprehensive operational data such as RPMs, positional data, and brake actuation performance. The system improved situational awareness through an alert system designed to notify the driver of potential car tip-over scenarios. This integration of hardware upgrades and software advancements demonstrated advancements in telemetry technology, drove strategic decision-making, and elevated the team’s competitive off-road racing dynamics.
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Enhancing Time Series Analysis in Flight Testing With Real-Time Embedded AIThe field of flight tests has traditionally relied on deterministic data, making the presence of on-board AI uncommon. However, as the number of measurement points in flight tests increases, Safran Data Systems (SDS) recognizes the need to address the growing data flow without scaling the entire acquisition chain. SDS has introduced embedded AI algorithms to reduce the load on the acquisition chain by filtering out nominal data, only keeping outliers. While initially used for monitoring electrical networks, this real-time time series analysis has vast potential. It could revolutionize pre-flight checks by enabling thousands of signals to be checked in real-time, accelerating the go/no-go decision process. SDS envisions using AI to unlock new levels of efficiency and data analysis in flight testing. The future of flight tests could involve intelligent systems that swiftly and accurately assess data, providing invaluable insights and expediting the flight testing process.
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Utilizing the Digital Thread to Track Test Points in Test and Evaluation. How Far Can We Take the Digital Thread? What is the Limit?In Flight Test we are always chasing test points closure. What is the next best tool Test Point Database tool and is it the best tool to track test points utilizing the Digital Thread? A big Program is utilizing the Digital Thread to track test points, create test cards that can be linked to the test points database, create test decks, track test point execution, update test point status and provide mission summary data and metrics. How far can we take the Digital Thread? What is the limit?
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Enhancing F-18 ECS Reliability Through Telemetry: enDAQ Sensors' Role in Predictive Maintenance and Safety AssuranceIn 2017, the increasing incidence of physiological events (PEs) among F-18 aviators highlighted a critical need for advanced telemetry solutions to proactively address Environmental Control System (ECS) vulnerabilities. This paper explores the deployment of enDAQ sensors, their role in capturing crucial cabin air pressure data during F-18 flights, and the subsequent development of the Hornet Health and Readiness Tool (HhART) to enhance predictive maintenance and safety assurance.
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Physical Data Collection and Transpondence System for Beetleweight Combat Robotics Arena Using Computer VisionBeetleweight combat robotics tournaments are spectator events in which two robots, weighing less than three pounds, are remotely controlled to mechanically damage and disable one another. The controlled environment of the arena, a square plexiglass box with a wooden floor, enables the monitoring of the fight from all angles using cameras. Using an axonometric viewpoint of the arena from above the fight, image detection software can track the position of each robot throughout the match. Both robots are understood to be roughly three pounds. This means that fundamental physical properties, such as velocity, acceleration, force, and energy in impacts are all approximately measurable. While these are all interesting figures to display on- screen when televising tournaments, this system can also be used to quickly measure the effectiveness of drivetrain and weapon systems in a practical environment. Any metric of a combat robot’s performance can be calculated empirically using simple physics, but there are far more factors to consider in an actual fight. This system would enable the approximate measurement of several key metrics of a robot in practice. Moreover, this project provides an opportunity for Wildcat Robotics members at the University of Arizona to gain experience working with a tangible application of computer vision.
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Digital Spectroscopy of Ionospheric Plasma with Telemetry-Enabled Waves, Instabilities & Noise Spectrometer (WINS)The Waves, Instabilities & Noise Spectrometer (WINS) instrument, to be deployed on a CubeSat, is designed to delve into the intricacies of the ionosphere by collecting and analyzing electrostatic waves. With a focus on measuring ionospheric plasma, our team is developing a sensor capable of precisely quantifying plasma properties at magnetohydrodynamic scales. The device uses Analog Digital Converters on a custom Printed Circuit Board with a 64 Megasample/second rate to collect samples quick enough for relevant waves throughout the E and F layers of the ionosphere. The output of this will then pass through a custom Fast Fourier Transform to complete analysis accurately between 32kHz-32MHz in real-time on-board. We anticipate that future observations provided by this instrument will greatly contribute to a deeper understanding of interactions between the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere, necessary for accurate characterization and modeling of the near-Earth space environment.
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Design of a Wearable Device with Integrated Biometric and Environmental SensorsThis paper details the development of a multifunctional, cost-effective wearable designed to measure critical medical and environmental variables from the user’s wrist. The device integrates sensors for directly acquiring heart rate, blood oxygen, body temperature, local weather condi- tions, and acoustic signals. After collection, the data is wirelessly transmitted via Bluetooth to an Android application, where further analysis is performed to generate insights into the user’s well- being, including health trends and predictions. This device embodies the fusion of environmental and health telemetry in an affordable, accessible format. The report also explores the device’s po- tential to enhance group care in settings like nursing homes by facilitating the continuous remote monitoring of residents.
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Secrecy Codes for Telemetry LinksThis paper provides an introduction of finite blocklength secrecy coding over binary erasure wire-tap channels (BEWCs) with noisy main channels. We summarize recent results, give examples, and outline their potential use in aeronautical mobile telemetry (AMT). Secrecy (or wiretap) codes are capable of providing reliable communications to intended parties while also keeping data secure from illegitimate network users. The dual nature of these codes makes them of interest to AMT, as security is a major concern during the transmission of telemetry data on test ranges.
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Cybersecurity Considerations When Using Generative AI in Telemetry Post Processing AnalysisRecent developments in the maturity of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) (AI systems that can generate content) over the past few years has been impressive. While, generative AI technologies have their limitations, they will positively impact the data analysis discipline. However, most generative AI solutions lack basic cybersecurity features that would allow them to be well integrated into an organization’s existing cybersecurity framework. After briefly reviewing neural networks, the cybersecurity challenges with generative AI and the possible mitigation strategies for those risks; a deployment scenario will be discussed for leveraging generative AI technologies in telemetry post-processing environments.
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Quantifiable Measure for Cyber Security Maturity ModelThis paper presents an Objective Cyber Security Maturity Measure for Enterprise Networks as are envisioned for future networked telemetry applications. Mainstream strategies such as DOE’s Cyber Capabilities Maturity Model (C2M2) and NIST’s Cyber Security Framework (CSF) are valiant efforts to capture the state of security but fail to deliver measures that are quantitative and objective. This paper is yet another effort to create a useable Maturity Measure that is tied to the design and operation of the enterprise. It provides a measure tied to controls that are fundamental to the security and measure of risk. This effort follows from the NIST 800-53 Controls which are common to both the C2M2 and the CSF approaches. This approach uses Estimation Theory measures which capture the maturity state of the system as designed, with the risk state of the system in operation, to provide an adaptive optimized measure. This is useful both for assessing the security design and for monitoring performance in operation.
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Distributed Network mmWave Radar SystemIn today’s automotive landscape, vehicles are being equipped with more cutting-edge technology than ever before to ensure passenger safety. Millimeter wave (mmWave) radar enables detection through weather conditions like rain, snow, and fog. Although radar is effective in adverse weather conditions, it struggles to distinguish objects when direct line of sight is impaired in dense, cluttered environments. To this end, an individual sensor can be integrated into a distributed network to boost its robustness and versatility. To demonstrate the viability and power of using several multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) radar nodes to survey an environment, we propose a distributed network consisting of two MIMO radar nodes communicating with an external server to perform single-object tracking within a confined space. Each radar node collects information about the object and sends data via shared Wi-Fi connection to our server which employs localization algorithms and visualization programs to display the object’s position in real-time.
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The Advantages of Using a Data Quality Estimate for Antenna TrackingAn Antenna Control Unit (ACU) has historically used the AGC signal from receivers to select the best signal to use for antenna tracking. Using the AGC, the biggest signal, likely the signal with the best Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), is selected as the tracking reference. But often, due to signal impairments and interfering signals, the biggest signal is not always the best signal. This can cause a breakdown in antenna tracking. A similar problem is solved for a Correlating Best Source Selector (BSS) by using a Data Quality Estimate (DQE) as the metric for best source selection. The DQE not only includes SNR but also includes the effects of signal distortion and interference. A modern ACU uses the DQE to provide superior antenna tracking performance. This paper discusses the improvements in antenna tracking performance using a DQE versus the AGC. Specific conditions include the tracking of the signal with the best DQ, and the avoidance of tracking a reflected or an interfering signal.
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Implementing Procedure Tracking Systems with Computer Vision and SensorsWhen performing complex step-by-step procedures, users may require assistance and extensive instruction. In this project, we implement a proof-of-concept automated procedure tracking system using computer vision and sensors. Our system operates on a single-camera system—an overhead stationary camera on the Jetson Orin Nano single-board computer (SBC)—to ensure good camera coverage as the user completes the procedure. In addition, the tools the user interacts with in the procedure are augmented with sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes. To simulate the expected complexity and use case of a space station maintenance task, we focus on tracking the procedure of installing the bottom bracket of a bike. During the procedure, the program will identify the progress and accuracy of each step and have visual cues to notify users of deviations from pre-defined instructions.