• Deconstruct to Reconstruct: Challenging Critical Librarianship

  Leung, Sofia; Pho, Annie; MIT; UCLA (The University of Arizona, 2018-11)

  The practice of critical librarianship is often viewed and approached in segmented pieces, due to the nature of specializations within the profession. Those who engage and practice critical librarianship often may focus on certain areas like pedagogy, archival theory, classification or categorization, and scholarly communication, among other topics. This presentation will deconstruct the core values of librarianship and rhetoric within critical librarianship in order to begin reconstructing and reimagining how libraries can explicitly center marginalized communities. We want to build a broader framework that explicitly draws the connections/relationships between critical pedagogy (how we teach), critical information literacy (what we teach), and the infrastructure, policies, and practices of the libraries within which we work. We will challenge western knowledge practices and engage participants in collectively developing a new framework of librarianship that will inform and shape our pedagogy.
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  Increases in plasma corin levels following experimental myocardial infarction reflect the severity of ischemic injury

  Wang, Dong; Gladysheva, Inna P.; Sullivan, Ryan D.; Fan, Tai-Hwang M.; Mehta, Radhika M.; Tripathi, Ranjana; Sun, Yao; Reed, Guy L.; Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med (PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2018-09-07)

  Following acute myocardial infarction, clinical studies show alterations in the blood levels of corin, a cardiac-selective activator of the natriuretic peptides pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP). However, the temporal changes in circulating and cardiac corin levels and their relationships to the severity of myocardial infarction have not been studied. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between cardiac and circulating corin levels and their association with cardiac systolic function and infarct size during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (<72 h) in a translationally relevant induced coronary ligation mouse model. This acute phase timeline was chosen to correlate with the clinical practice within which blood samples are collected from myocardial infarction patients. Heart and plasma samples were examined at 3, 24, and 72 hours post acute myocardial infarction. Plasma corin levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, transcripts of cardiac corin, pro-ANP and pro-BNP by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, cardiac corin expression by immunohistology, infarct size by histology and heart function by echocardiography. Plasma corin levels were significantly increased at 3 (P<0.05), 24 (P<0.001), and 72 hours (P<0.01) post-acute myocardial infarction. In contrast, cardiac corin transcript levels dropped by 5% (P>0.05), 69% (P<0.001) and 65% (P<0.001) and immunoreactive cardiac corin protein levels dropped by 30% (P<0.05), 76% (P<0.001) and 75% (P<0.001), while cardiac pro-ANP and pro-BNP transcript levels showed an opposite pattern. Plasma corin levels were negatively correlated with immunoreactive cardiac corin (P<0.01), ejection fraction (P<0.05) and fractional shortening (P<0.05), but positively correlated with infarct size (P<0.01). In conclusion, acute myocardial infarction induces rapid increases in plasma corin and decreases in cardiac corin levels. In the early phase of acute myocardial infarction, plasma corin levels are inversely correlated with heart function and may reflect the severity of myocardial damage.
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  Geologic map of the Dragoon 7 ½ ' Quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona

  Johnson, B.J.; Cook, J.P.; Ferguson, C.A.; Arizona Geological Survey (Arizona Geological Survey (Tucson, AZ), 2018-12-28)
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  Imaging-based clusters in current smokers of the COPD cohort associate with clinical characteristics: the SubPopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS)

  Haghighi, Babak; Choi, Sanghun; Choi, Jiwoong; Hoffman, Eric A.; Comellas, Alejandro P.; Newell, John D.; Graham Barr, R.; Bleecker, Eugene; Cooper, Christopher B.; Couper, David; Han, Mei Lan; Hansel, Nadia N.; Kanner, Richard E.; Kazerooni, Ella A.; Kleerup, Eric A. C.; Martinez, Fernando J.; O’Neal, Wanda; Rennard, Stephen I.; Woodruff, Prescott G.; Lin, Ching-Long; Univ Arizona, Dept Med, Div Genet Genom & Precis Med (BMC, 2018-09-18)

  Background: Classification of COPD is usually based on the severity of airflow, which may not sensitively differentiate subpopulations. Using a multiscale imaging-based cluster analysis (MICA), we aim to identify subpopulations for current smokers with COPD. Methods: Among the SPIROMICS subjects, we analyzed computed tomography images at total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) of 284 current smokers. Functional variables were derived from registration of TLC and RV images, e.g. functional small airways disease (fSAD%). Structural variables were assessed at TLC images, e.g. emphysema and airway wall thickness and diameter. We employed an unsupervised method for clustering. Results: Four clusters were identified. Cluster 1 had relatively normal airway structures; Cluster 2 had an increase of fSAD% and wall thickness; Cluster 3 exhibited a further increase of fSAD% but a decrease of wall thickness and airway diameter; Cluster 4 had a significant increase of fSAD% and emphysema. Clinically, Cluster 1 showed normal FEV1/FVC and low exacerbations. Cluster 4 showed relatively low FEV1/FVC and high exacerbations. While Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 showed similar exacerbations, Cluster 2 had the highest BMI among all clusters. Conclusions: Association of imaging-based clusters with existing clinical metrics suggests the sensitivity of MICA in differentiating subpopulations.
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  Higher levels of trait emotional awareness are associated with more efficient global information integration throughout the brain: a graph-theoretic analysis of resting state functional connectivity

  Smith, Ryan; Sanova, Anna; Alkozei, Anna; Lane, Richard D; Killgore, William D S; Univ Arizona, Dept Psychiat (OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2018-07)

  Previous studies have suggested that trait differences in emotional awareness (tEA) are clinically relevant, and associated with differences in neural structure/function. While multiple leading theories suggest that conscious awareness requires widespread information integration across the brain, no study has yet tested the hypothesis that higher tEA corresponds to more efficient brain-wide information exchange. Twenty-six healthy volunteers (13 females) underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, and completed the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS; a measure of tEA) and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II; a measure of general intelligence quotient [IQ]). Using a whole-brain (functionally defined) region of interest (ROI) atlas, we computed several graph theory metrics to assess the efficiency of brain-wide information exchange. After statistically controlling for differences in age, gender and IQ we first observed a significant relationship between higher LEAS scores and greater average degree (i.e. overall whole-brain network density). When controlling for average degree, we found that higher LEAS scores were also associated with shorter average path lengths across the collective network of all included ROIs. These results jointly suggest that individuals with higher tEA display more efficient global information exchange throughout the brain. This is consistent with the idea that conscious awareness requires global accessibility of represented information.

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